Walt-Disney World Internship Report - 7881 Words

Macau University of Science and Technology Faculty of International Tourism Internship Report â€Å"Dreams Come True† Exploration in Disney Student Name: Student Number: Internship Sponsor: Li, Danping 0609853G-B111-0073 The Walt Disney World Resort Internship Duration: Aug, 10th, 2008 ~ Jan, 16th, 2009 Submission Date: Apr, 30th, 2009 Brief Description of My Internship Fantastic memories of 169 days living in America, almost six months working in Walt Disney World offers an unforgettable experience in my personal life and has great influence in my future professional life. Transferred from an elegant cafà © in Grand Floridian Resort Spa to a crazy busy character buffet restaurant in Contemporary Resort provides me an†¦show more content†¦2 Thanks for Sponsors I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation to Walt Disney World Resort for the support of International College Program. Thanks a lot for Disney’s Grand Floridian Resort Spa. Especially Mr. Norm Noble, the general manager, who always says â€Å"Good morning! How are you today?† and gives every cast member a handshaking, making everyone feel special and work as our vision and mission—We, a professional and gracious Cast, provide the finest personalized service in an elegant Victorian setting and create the grand difference. After the transfer to Disney’s Contemporary Resort, I feel like working in a big family. Especially every kind-hearted and humorous manager (they are Mr. Richard, Ms. Rebecca, Ms. Susan, Ms. Leajean and Ms. Elean) in Chef Mickey’s character buffet restaurant. I will never forget that the managers always ask me how I feel about my position. The welcome party, farewell party and birthday party that they hold for me will stay in my mind forever. They also try their best to solve my problems. When I want to work extra hours, they immediately arrange the schedule for me. Their forgiveness of my mistakes and patience of teaching me the working skills encourage me to greet every guest with high spirit. Thank you very much again for what you folks teach me, help me and encourage me. 3 Content Abstract 6 6 Key Words Chapter 1Show MoreRelatedCase Study : Disney Studios And Universal Studios1864 Words   |  8 Pageshands-on work, which is why I have narrowed my research to two companies, The Walt Disney Studios and Universal Studios. The Walt Disney Studios has been the foundation from which The Walt Disney Company was built. It markets on a global scale encompassing creativity in all of their sales networks. Universal’s theatrical slate includes films developed internally ,and outside firms distributed by the studio. 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Apple has reinvented the mobileRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 W ords   |  702 PagesTopics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/Ford, Southwest, MetLife, Borden, United Way, Vanguard, Continental, Euro Disney Distribution Nike, Coke/Pepsi, Newell Rubbermaid, Harley-Davidson, Vanguard, StarbucksRead MoreWage and Salary Chapter 112487 Words   |  50 PagesObjectives Four Policies Pay Techniques Book Plan Caveat Emptor—Be an Informed Consumer 1. Does the Research Measure Anything Useful? 2. Does the Study Separate Correlation from Causation? 3. Are There Alternative Explanations? Your Turn: Glamorous Internships? or House Elves? 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The Manifestation of Pride in The Great Divorce by C.S....

The Manifestation of Pride in The Great Divorce by C.S. Lewis The Great Divorce by C.S. Lewis suggests that choices made on earth have a consequential effect towards our acceptance into heaven or our plummet into hell. In this book pride manifests itself in a hundred subtle ways as souls whine about perceived injustices or irrational motives. Thankfully, a few tourists do humble themselves, become transformed into marvelously real beings, and remain in heaven. But most dont, about which the great Scottish author George MacDonald, Lewis heavenly guide, says, â€Å"They may not be rejecting the truth of heaven now. They may be reenacting the rejection they made while on earth†. George MacDonald the narrator/teacher, from whom Lewis†¦show more content†¦Adoption has brought me through the hands of my birth mother to a mother who has now raised me for 16 years. Conversations with my birth mother result in dramatic feelings for her and for me, â€Å"tyranny of the past† (p.102). But, Lewis suggests in the book that the past is all she (the ghost) â€Å"chose to have† and that â€Å"it was the wrong way to deal with sorrow†. My birth mother could very well be the ghost as I was even an ‘accident’. As her memory of me is deceiving and still consuming her thoughts. This maternal or instinctual love is preventing my mother from moving on in her own life. A material mind set is a reality of many entrepreneurs and is well represented in this book through the man with the bowler hat, Ikey. This mans thoughts revolve around providing necessity, â€Å"But if I can come back with some real commodities†¦why, at once you’d get a demand down in our town† (p.13). For a real world entrepreneur, such as Ikey, it would be simple for thoughts to be consumed by opportunism. If thoughts are consumed by need, it leaves less time to reflect on choices and can cause Acedia (restlessness or despair). Lewis makes this point later in chapter six while referring to Ikey, â€Å"†¦still availing himself of every scrap of cover, he set out on his Via dolorosa to the bus, carrying his torture† (p.49). Ikey’s refusal to rest denies him an opportunity, which any entrepreneur would never give up, but in this instance hisShow MoreRelatedThe Great Divorce and The Divine Comedy3095 Words   |  13 PagesComedy has impacted is C .S. Lewis’s The Great Divorce. Lewis’s book is greatly indebted to Dante’s work, as both try to teach the reader how to achieve salvation. Furthermore, Lewis and Dante’s protagonists discover the path to salvation through choices, and learning what causes one’s refusal of God. Both authors explore the path to righteousness and enquire about life’s most difficult questions. Therefore, the dialogue between Dante’s Divine Comedy and C.S. Lewis’s The Great Divorce is witnessed through

Sustainable Redevelopment of the Riverside in the City of Antwerp Free Essays

string(151) " as a response to massive implosion therapy and so recommissioned in 2004, which requires that the metropolis be fortified to defy a 4,000-year storm\." Introduction TheH2O forepart has yielded touchable societal, recreational and environmental benefits therefore pulling the involvement of many ; powerful involvements have realized its political and economic position. The symbolic and economic significance of waterfronts has been reinforced where excess ports or renewal have provided big piece of lands of development land near to bing urban Centres, in some instances enabling major extensions to the nucleus. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Redevelopment of the Riverside in the City of Antwerp or any similar topic only for you Order Now google.be/books? hl=nl A ; lr= A ; id=2ZZFAAAAQBAJ A ; oi=fnd A ; pg=PR1 A ; dq=the+water+front+of+antwerp A ; ots=lPY-qiuSUC amp ; sig=szihP7Z8ykMrvL-JzFIh1jX0nzM # v=onepage A ; q=the % 20water % 20front % 20of % 20antwerp A ; f=false ) Filip and lorquet explained Antwerp as one of those universe metropoliss deeply attached and connected to its river Scheldt ; get downing organize a little colonies in a curve of the river, and so progressively entwined with its river curves, turning in to a mediaeval metropolis. This ‘organic’ and self-generated relationship was based on the obvious advantages of propinquity to the H2O, but quickly gained economic complexness in the late center ages ( portus, eliandus ) The increasing of the economic activities accelerated by the industrial revolution in the 19Thursdaycentury required the use of many big ship, taking the natural flow of the river to be straightened to travel for Scheldt quays, as a solution in maintaining up with the economic advancement and scaling up of the ships between 1877 and 1884. ( ibid ) and ( van de put, 2007 ) . Straitening the Scheldt River and the subsequent building of the quays in Antwerp brought about a historical breach in the city’s relationship to the river. The organic and historical relationship the metropolis developed with the river by a developed system of canals, recesss and reimports got disconnected from the Scheldt. The quays became an independent ‘intermediate’ entity between the metropolis and the river: an extended rock and concrete organic structure ( fig. 1 ) The Scheldt quays became the scene of heavy port activities and were closed away from the interior metropolis by Fe fencings ( Nunes, 2011 ) img alt="C:UsersNebeyou AmbachewDesktopurban designpantareinbvba19273.jpg" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1791322.001.png"/ Fgure 1 In the twentieth century the seaport activities once more underwent a scaling-up and moved downstream to the North of the metropolis. Antwerp became a moderate-sized metropolis with a universe seaport. The quays remained as a vacant, deserted and undetermined infinite, with the warehouses and railroad. Paths as informants of the former activities. The edifice of the hapless concrete inundation defence wall at 1.35m above the land degree confirmed the position of the quays as an stray no-man’s land ( van de put, 2007, P. ) . Harmonizing to the advancement study, The quays on the right bank of the Scheldt are a stretch of 7 kilometres long and 100 metres broad, from Petroleum South to the dry docks Island. The derelict port substructure today forms a barrier between the metropolis and the Scheldt. The renovation of one of the most of import public infinites in the metropolis of Antwerp is to convey back closer to the watercourse. ( 20140301 ) With the inundation of 1976, the quay wall was non high plenty to protect the metropolis from storm tide, and the current concrete dike wall was erected, Climate alteration is expected that the H2O degree will lift further in the hereafter. This may intend that, in storms, the tallness of the dike wall is no longer plenty to protect Antwerp sufficient, The dike must therefore higher [ I ] . Therefore, the chief and immediate ground for the planned renovation of the riverbank is to protect the metropolis of Antwerp against possible implosion therapy in the hereafter. For that beef uping the quay wall in the first topographic point and increasing the weir is necessary. The redevelopment of the quays is the biggest undertaking in the Flemish Sigma Plan in urban context. ( progress study ) Recently the challenge refering the metropolis – river relation has got a new dimension. Harmonizing to the Sigma program the inundation barrier needs to be heightened another 90cm, which brings it to a degree of 2.25m above the land degree. It needs no farther account that this intercession will alter dramatically the experience of the quays itself and the unfastened position between the metropolis and the river ( van de put, 2007 ) but besides require the remotion of today’s strip of quays, a 23 000 square meter port barren with tonss of hints and memories of its industrial yesteryear, complete with jury-rigged utilizations and a easy establishing urbanity. In order to reconquer this waterfront while doing it flood immune, the metropolis of Antwerp commissioned a multidisciplinary squad led Proap landscape designers with WIT and D-RECTA on a competition entry that, alternatively of a unequivocal design strategy, proposes a toolkit of possible quay faculties that can b e combined to organize the new waterfront profile in a participative and bit-by-bit procedure affecting multiple stakeholders ( Babette, 2011 ) . Therefore, the maestro program Scheldekaaien has three aims [ two ] : – Reconstruction of the quay country as one of the most outstanding public infinites in Antwerp ; – Stabilization of the quay wall ; – Raising the weir until 9:25 TAW in conformity with the updated Sigma program. ( 20140301 ) Undertaking description The renovation of the riverbank is a joint enterprise of the metropolis of Antwerp, which is responsible for the renovation of the quay country as a public sphere, and the Flemish Region, which nv via Waterways and Sea Canal. Responsible for the stabilisation of the quay, the execution of the updated Sigma program and pull off the quay countries. ( 20140301 ) â€Å"The reestablishment of Antwerp’s connexion to its waterfront has been a end for the city’s contrivers for more than a decennary, but merely late have forces aligned to do that dream non merely a practical world but besides a necessity. The 130-year-old bluestone quay wall running along the Scheldt ( pronounced â€Å"Skel-duh† by locals ) has deteriorated to the point where Reconstruction is no longer a luxury. At the same clip, the full seaport must be brought into conformity with the state’s Sigma Plan, a regional flood-prevention enterprise foremost implemented in 1977 as a response to massive implosion therapy and so recommissioned in 2004, which requires that the metropolis be fortified to defy a 4,000-year storm. You read "Sustainable Redevelopment of the Riverside in the City of Antwerp" in category "Essay examples"† [ three ] The Scheldt is non merely the ‘raison d’etre’ for Antwerp, it is besides a menace. Tidal kineticss of the H2O degree are apparent far inland of the estuary, and even enlarged by the embankment. The river besides means flood menace and possible catastrophe. Since the concrete wall built in 1978, Antwerp got wholly divorced from its river and as it described earlier, the actualized Sigma program demands a rise of the protection degree to 9,25m TAW, 90 centimeter higher than the existent protective wall so as to do certain the protection of the metropolis from inundation. But, farther raising the degree of the wall means a 2,25m wall above the quay surface that would blockade all positions to the river and render the quay surface barely accessible. So the new inundation protection can non merely be a mere protective infrastructural device. This twelvemonth, the concluding Maestro program for the Scheldt Quays, designed by PROAP and WIT designers, is up for blessing. In a alone manner, the Master program surveies and integrates the flood-defense as a stipulation and a structuring component for public infinite, whereas the coveted public infinite in bend determines possibilities for the flood-defense. The new inundation protection design should arouse the experience of the river. So location and nature of the inundation protection are defined harmonizing to the next urban infinite or urban tissue. Located near the river, the quays become portion of the urban infinite, whereas a location near to the metropolis safeguards the existent character of the immense quay surface as a floodable country. Specifying the nature of the inundation protection – fixed or nomadic – it deliberates the positions on the river, and will make this within rigorous conditions of safety, cost and feasibleness. â€Å"That procedure will be governed by a series of 10 topographical subdivisions that read from above like the keys of a piano. Each key will turn to the river in a distinguishable manner: one subdivision, resting on pontoons, will lift and fall with the tides ; another will incline down bit by bit from a protective berm ; a 3rd will cantilever out over the H2O, ever negociating between H2O and worlds while including the varying inundation degrees of the river. All appropriately answer the demands of the Sigma Plan while retaining access—visual and physical—to the river† [ four ] The instead definite character of this unreal protection device demands a really accurate reconciliation between fixed or nomadic, difficult and soft. The Mobile barriers will safeguard positions on the Scheldt and heighten the handiness of the quay platform ( even if the consequences of the proficient survey specify a minimal threshold of 7,65m TAW or a medium threshold of 7,80m TAW ) . Fixed barriers reach the actualized Sigma degree of 9,25m TAW. They obstruct the positions towards the river, but at the same clip explicit the nothingness near the metropolis. The sequence of fixed and nomadic solutions is meticulously staged. About the territories Definition of s.d The construct of sustainable development is the consequence of the turning consciousness of the planetary ; links between mounting environmental jobs, socio-economic issues to make with poorness and inequality and concerns about healthy hereafter for humanity. The procedure of incorporating issues related with the environment and socio-economic facets was largely famously expressed in brundtland study definition of sustainable development as â€Å"meeting the demands of the present without compromising the ability of the future coevalss to run into their needs† ( bilhood, 2005 ) However, it is by and large agreed that economic system, environment and societal equity are three first constituents of sustainability construct. To guarantee that the degree of sustainability of urban reclamation undertakings can be significantly enhanced, due consideration to assorted demands and outlooks of different nowadays and future coevalss is required in urban design procedure. Urban design is defined as ‘‘the art of doing topographic points for people’’ ( DETR, 2000 ) . It is considered to be a procedure to fulfill functional and aesthetic demands ( Couch A ; Dennemann, 2000 ; Vandell et al. , 1989 ) . It gives design waies to edifices and infinites agreement in order to make a high quality and sustainable built environment for the citizens ( Oktay, 2004 ) . Previous surveies supported that good urban design could convey a batch of benefits to a community. Assorted parties are better off as more investing chances are offered, productiveness additions, higher return can be obtained, more occupations are created, a broad assortment of accessible comfortss is provided and quality of life impro ves ( CABE A ; DETR, 2001 ; Couch, 1990 ) . Social sustainability refers to maintenance and betterment of wellbeing of current and future coevalss ( Chiu, 2003 ) . A undertaking is said to be socially sustainable when it creates harmonious life environment, reduces societal inequality and cleavages, and improves quality of life in general ( Enyedi, 2002 ) . ( Edwin Chan ? Grace K. L. Lee ) The World Bank [ v ] states thatâ€Å"social sustainability means reacting better to local communities ; guaranting responses are tailored to local state contexts ; and advancing societal inclusion, coherence and answerability.At undertaking degree, this means undertaking equal societal analysis and appraisal, this in bend allows for equal designation of societal chances, every bit good as equal extenuation of societal impacts and hazards, including through the proper application of societal precaution policies.† When speaking about project’s sustainability – from a socio-cultural position, it is necessary to measure whether societal inclusion, coherence and answerability were promoted throughout the life of the undertaking. For a undertaking to be socially sustainable it must affect local engagement or audience, in order for people to hold their sentiments heard, give them a sense of ownership over the undertaking and to do the undertaking more effectual within the local context ( kiristen and roman, 2014 ) Environmental sustainability â€Å"The term environmental sustainability refers to systematic conditions where neither on a planetal nor on a regional degree do human activities disturb the natural rhythms more than planetal resiliency allows, and at the same clip make non impoverish the natural capital that has to be shared with future generation† [ six ] environmental sustainability so is limited to and in fact becomes a subset of ecological sustainability as it is defined by callicot and mumford, as â€Å" meeting human needs without compromising the wellness of ecosystems† ( moreli, 2002, p.2 ) in other words environmental sustainability could be defined as a status of balance, resiliency, and interconnection that allows human society to fulfill its demands while neither transcending the capacity of its back uping ecosystems to go on to renew the services necessary to run into those demands nor by our actions decreasing biological diverseness. ( morelli, 2011 ) Talking about ecological and envi ronmental sustainability we have to see many facets uniting history, yesteryear, current, and future ecosystem demands, every bit good as to take into consideration all the nature and human alterations ( natasa, 2014 ) Economic sustainability For Solow, so, sustainability would look to be an duty to continue the contemporary economic chances ( such as productive capacity ) for the hereafter, non needfully to increase them. We may bask the fruits of the accrued capital and environmental resources that we inherit ( in the signifier of the income and comfortss to which they give rise ) , but we may non consume the entire stock. This rule requires us to go through on to future coevalss what we have inherited from past generations—since we did non roll up or bring forth it ourselves. It is non based on a claim of equal wellbeing for the following coevals. Continuing productive capacity intact is non, nevertheless, an duty to go forth the universe as we found it in every item. What needs to be conserved are the chances of future coevalss to take worthwhile lives. The fact of replaceability ( in both production and ingestion ) implies that what we are obligated to go forth buttocks is a generalised capacity to make well-being, non any peculiar thing or any peculiar resource. Since we do non cognize what the gustatory sensations and penchants of future coevalss will be, and what they will make, we can speak of sustainability merely in footings of conserving a capacity to bring forth well-being. ( anand and sen, 2000 ) Therefore, economic sustainability can be seen in footings of taking the current economic advantage by the nature or infinite without cut downing the possible economic portion of future coevalss. Political sustainability ; thepolitical sustainability of a undertaking can be analysed through the engagement of different groups, anteroom groups, the extent to which the antonym groups are allowed to take part in the undertaking and the political support a given undertaking has. Undertakings that are capable of leting the maximal degree of engagement and suit the different nterest that assorted groups have through a democratic and acceptable manner can be called politically sustainable. Mention Smits Filip, and Alix Lorquet. â€Å" Eilandje. A instance of waterfront pioneering. † Margot Van de Put, â€Å"Imagining a new waterfront for Antwerp† , 43rd ISOCARP Congress 2007 Nunes, J. F. ( 2011 ) . Masterplan for the Scheldt Quays. Diedrich, L. B. ( 2011 ) . Site specific landscape architectural attacks in modern-day European seaport transmutation. Portus Plus, ( 2 ) , 1-16. How to cite Sustainable Redevelopment of the Riverside in the City of Antwerp, Essay examples

Knowledge Management The Systematic Organisation

Question: Describe about the Knowledge Management for The Systematic Organisation. Answer: Introduction In todays more complex business era, knowledge management plays a major role in order to accomplish the business goals and objectives of the business organizations. Knowledge management (KM) refers as the systematic management of the knowledge assets of an organization. The major purpose knowledge management is to create value and to meet tactical strategic necessities of the businesses. Along with this, knowledge management entails the systems initiatives, strategies, and processes that play a major role to sustain and develop the evaluation, storage, improvement, sharing, and creation of knowledge. In addition to this, KM plays a major role to offer right tools, knowledge, people, culture, structure, etc. in order to improve the learning and to comprehend the value as well as applications of the new knowledge produced (Linden, Liu, Dargam Hernndez, 2015). Moreover, KM stores the new knowledge and also makes it accessible for the right people and at the right time place. KM const antly assesses, applies, processes, and also removes organizational knowledge together with actual long and short term factors. In current, KM has become a basic need of the business organizations that is Knowledge management (KM) is advantageous in order to create, share, use and manage the knowledge as well as information of an organization in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Moreover, it leads to a strong tie to organizational goals and strategy. KM entails the management of knowledge that is valuable for various organizational purposes and also creates value for the organization. This research paper is helpful to describe that how Wal-Mart has been implemented knowledge management in order to increase the efficiency and output of the organization. Moreover, the paper would also be helpful to illustrate the models of KM that Wal-Mart used to enhance the efficiency and output of the business. Introduction of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is a multinational corporation that runs a chain of large discount departmental stores as well as warehouse in various nations. Along with this, the company was established in 1962 and also integrated officially in 1969. In 1970, Wal-Mart started trading stock as a publicly held company. At this time, the company has approximately 4,573 stores as well as 730, 000 acquaintances within fourteen countries. This indicates the growth and success of Wal-Mart at the global level. In addition to this, Wal-Mart has completely owned operations in Argentina, Brazil, Canada and the UK (Wal-Mart. 2016). The firm also has quite a lot of joint ventures in China and a number of majority owned subsidiaries. Moreover, the corporation operates its business under different banners. All the international stores of Wal-Mart work for a specific goal, to enable their customers to save money and live a better life. On the other hand, KM refers as the practices as well as strategies that an organization uses in order to create distribute and also facilitate implementation of strategic insights as well as specific experiences. Moreover, the knowledge can be personified in either entity or organizational practices/processes. In current, each and every firm makes heavy funds towards development of internal knowledge management efforts. Wal-Mart is a major example that has become the largest corporation of world because of its efforts towards knowledge management (Nazari Emami, 2012). Along with this, Wal-Mart focuses on its goals objectives in order to develop and foster insightful knowledge management skills in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. For case, it should be noted down that, superior business performance, competitive advantage, innovation, and constant improvement of business operations processes are the major organizational objectives of Wal-Mart. Moreover, knowledge manag ement of the firm includes numerous important issues such as: mentoring programs, professional training, discussion forums, corporate libraries and formal apprenticeship. The corporation also focuses on adaptations of technologies, group decision support systems, expert systems, knowledge bases repositories, intranets and so on to resolve all these issues in an appropriate manner (Malhotra, 2005). Importance of Knowledge Management in Wal-Mart Wal-Mart has been built a deep-seated mark in the retail industry. The huge chain store of Wal-Mart has a devastatingly effectual knowledge management program. The KM program of the organization has allowed it to preserve its competitive advantage even at times of tumultuous economic circumstances. Along with this, the goals of the business are being accomplished concurrently all the way through strictly holding to business aims and also complementary operations with the economic growth (Erickson Rothberg, 2011). So, as a result of positive KM strategies, Wal-Mart achieved economic gains the whole time. In addition to this the knowledge management strategies of Wal-Mart have facilitated it to focus on its strategic business operations into cutting operational costs as well as putting up a worth for its shareholders. On the other hand, Wal-Mart makes an effective focus on all the major categories of knowledge. For case, public, shared and personal are the three major forms of knowledge. Public knowledge can be obtained all the way through public domains like the Internet, social media, books, etc. Shared knowledge is knowledge that is completely held by the employees of an organization and also applied in work. Moreover, personal knowledge is the knowledge that is mainly used in work as well as daily life of people. Wal-Mart used these all the forms of knowledge to improve the productivity and profitability of the organization (King, 2009). Apart from this, Wal-Mart also faced various challenges in order to introduce different knowledge management strategies within the organization. But, change management analysis played a significant role in order to override the challenges of the business. The effective KM largely contributed to accomplish the strategic, financial and competitive gains of the b usiness. In addition to this, in todays modern global age, all the stores of Wal-Mart are idyllic for businesses, units and organizations. Moreover, the knowledge management of Wal-Mart is so effective just because of the superior employee skills (Rubanju, 2007). The KM has played a critical role in order to defy all the challenges faced by the organization and to accomplish the overall mission as well as vision of the firm in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Apart from this, the effectual and consistent knowledge management skills or strategies of Wal-Mart have also enhanced effectiveness of the organization within its service delivery as well as customer care. Nowadays, the organization makes use of effective KM strategies and staff productivity to predict the success or failure of the business. The organization focuses on the growth of the staff and also determines the loyalty, assiduousness and good conduct of employees to ensure the staff productivity for the business. Moreo ver, appropriate knowledge management has allowed it to resolve all issues linked to organizational practices in an effective and a significant manner (Lawlor, 2007). On the other hand, Wal-Mart also applies knowledge management in its HRM (Human Resource Management) strategies or practices. For case, HRM strategies are the tactics that business firms or organizations use to select, hire, and train their employees for competent performance as well as delivery of services. Special HRM strategies are implemented by different associations to accomplish just about same goals (Florea, 2014). Moreover, it should be noted down that, the implementation of effective HRM strategies is not a new phenomenon to Wal-Mart. It is because of, in the recent years, effective HRM strategies of Wal-Mart have been enabled it to obtain much acknowledgment all over the world. Moreover, as an integral part of KM, the HRM strategies of Wal-Mart are mainly used to facilitate the organization; so it can manage its managerial activities all the way through harmonization of employee allied processes. Along with this, the success of an association in the area of knowledge manag ement is also decided by the types of HRM strategies of the firms (Constantinescu, 2008). In the same manner, Wal-Mart also implemented knowledge management to reduce conflicts and to develop effective communication with the people. At the stores of Wal-Mart, KM is used as regards conflict management. It is because of with the appropriate application of KM, Wal-Mart become able to know major issues related to conflicts and to enhance effectual communication within corporation (Murray, 2008). Moreover, just because of the KM, the management always protects its staff and also provides them articulate resources by which they can knowledge management experiences with the other people of the organization. Along with this, Wal-Mart manages and motivates its employee all the way through the use of knowledge management practices. Wal-Mart focuses on employee retention and also offers annual rewards as well as appraisals to the employees. This motivation factor motivates the staff and workforces to improve their performance to get rewards and to accomplish the organizational goals in a specified time period (Becerra-Fernandez Sabherwal, 2014). For this reason, knowledge management played a major role to Wal-Mart to improve organizational efficiency, and to enhance the performance, productivity, profitability of the firm in an effective and a significant manner. Models of Knowledge Management Implemented by Wal-Mart Wal-Mart mainly implemented SECI model of knowledge management for the creation of knowledge. This is a famous conceptual model that was first planned by Nonaka and also further enlarged by Nonaka and Takeuchi. The model plays a significant role to describe that how knowledge is generated, relocated, and recreated in organizations. Moreover, Socialization (tacit to tacit), Externalization (tacit to explicit), Combination (explicit to explicit), and Internalization (explicit to tacit) are the four major concepts of the SECI model (Andreeva Ikhilchik, 2011). These four elements of the SECI model are described as below: Socialization: This stage of SECI model focuses on tacit to tacit knowledge. It means to share tacit knowledge in both internal and external way. This element states that employees of business firms must be ready to share knowledge for the growth and success of the organizations. Along with this, with the help of this concept, Wal-Mart transfers tacit knowledge one person to another (Srikantaiah Koenig, 2008). The firm uses direct interactions as well as experiences to share knowledge among people. Moreover, the firm also makes an effective discussion between the people of same culture; so they can share knowledge and also work together in an effective and an appropriate manner. The organization also conducts numerous joint activities to bring together the employees; so they may understand to each-other and also share their knowledge in a proper way. For that reason, the tacit knowledge or socialization process is related to the ideas of communities as well as alliance between peopl e and teams (Bratianu, 2010). Wal-Mart also applies this process in to tell the experienced people of the firm that they are responsible to share or transfer their knowledge and ideas with new employees. Externalization: This stage of SECI model mainly focuses on tacit to explicit knowledge. This process plays a significant role in order to create new knowledge the same as tacit knowledge that comes out and also becomes communal group knowledge. In addition to this, externalization plays a significant role in order to interpret tacit knowledge of an individual into explicit knowledge. This type of knowledge can be shared and comprehend by the people in an easy manner (McInerney Koenig, 2011). Moreover, Wal-Mart conducts dialogue sessions to transfer tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. Wal-Mart also takes help of written documents, images, and concepts to provide support to this type of interface. Along with this, the firm also shares these documents with other team members those are working on similar projects. The knowledge that Wal-Mart captures by this process becomes a precious source of reference to other people or teams of the organization. Apart from this, this process o f SECI model is very difficult and time consuming. But, due to its advantages, Wal-Mart focuses on this in order to share knowledge among people in an effective and a significant manner (Geisler Wickramasinghe, 2015). Combination: This process of SECI model plays a major role in order to transfer the explicit knowledge all the way through databases, e-mails, documents, and meetings. Moreover, this stage also collects and processes related internal as well as external knowledge, and also make the knowledge more comprehensible and propagate for the people or groups of the organization. It is a major process wherever knowledge transforms from explicit to explicit knowledge. Along with this, Wal-Mart also collects explicit knowledge from inside or outside environment of the organization and also combines, alters or practices into a new form of knowledge. Wal-Mart also distributes the new explicit knowledge among the members of the organization; so they can tale help of the knowledge to accomplish the shared goals and objectives of the business in an effective and a more comprehensive manner (Woods Cortada, 2013). In this way, this element of SECI model is also advantageous for the success and growth of the busine sses. Internalization: Internalization is the last stage of the SECI model. Moreover, with the help of this process, Wal-Mart creates explicit knowledge with the help of tacit knowledge and also shares this knowledge across the organization. Wal-Mart also grasps as well as holds learned explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge (Uden, Wang, Rodrguez, Yang Ting, 2013). Along with this, this type of may be personified in actions and practices of the business organizations. People may re-gain the explicit knowledge by taking help of documents, reports and books. Moreover, people also gain tacit knowledge by accepting the explicit knowledge and also assuming new ideas or actions appropriately. In addition to this, with the help of this process, business organizations actualize their gained experiences or knowledge as methods, concepts, and processes that are performed in the course of experiments and researches. For this reason, the SECI model of knowledge management is beneficial for the busin ess organizations. Wal-Mart implements this model to share experiences and knowledge among the people of the business (Uden, Oshee, Ting Liberona, 2014). The firm also provides effective training to its employees at different stages of the SECI model; so they can work and also play important roles to accomplish the goals and objectives of the business. Conclusion On the basis of the above analysis, it can be said that, Wal-Mart has implemented knowledge management in order to improve the competence and productivity of the business. The effective KM strategies have increased return on investments and also reduced the financial risks of business. Along with this, it is also observed that, knowledge management also played a critical role to improve the overall organizational performance as well as efficiency in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Moreover, the SECI model of KM also improved the performance of the organization. It is because of with the help of this the organization became able to share implicit and explicit knowledge among people. Apart from this, with the help of knowledge management, people of the organization become able to collect and share accurate information, data and knowledge and also used that knowledge in order to accomplish the goals as well as objectives of the business in an effective and an appropriate m anner. In this way, it can be concluded that, knowledge management is the major key of growth and success of the business organizations. References Andreeva, T., Ikhilchik, I. (2011). Applicability of the SECI model of knowledge creation in Russian cultural context: theoretical analysis. Knowledge and Process Management, 18(1), 56-66. Becerra-Fernandez, I., Sabherwal, R. (2014). Knowledge Management: Systems and Processes. NY: Routledge. Bratianu, C. (2010). A critical analysis of the Nonakas model of knowledge dynamics. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Intellectual Capital (pp. 115-120). Academic Publishing Limited, Reading. Constantinescu, M. (2008). Knowledge Management and Business Process Reengineering for Business Performance Improvement. In The 2nd International Conference on Business and Information Technologies. New Approaches, 25-26. Erickson, G. S., Rothberg, H. (2011). SPF 5 and limitations to investing in knowledge management. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(1). Florea, A. I. (2014). Challenges And Strategies Of Supply Chain Management In A Competitive Environment. Business Excellence and Management, 4(2), 36-43. Geisler, E., Wickramasinghe, N. (2015). Principles of Knowledge Management: Theory, Practice, and Cases: Theory, Practice, and Cases. NY: Routledge. King, W. R. (2009). Knowledge management and organizational learning (pp. 3-13). Springer US. Lawlor, B. (2007). The age of globalization: Impact of information technology on global business strategies. Honors Projects in Computer Information Systems, 1. Linden, I., Liu, S., Dargam, F., Hernndez, J. (2015). Decision Support Systems IV - Information and Knowledge Management in Decision Processes: Euro Working Group Conferences, EWG-DSS 2014, Toulouse, France, June 10-13, 2014, and Barcelona, Spain, July 13-18, 2014, Revised Selected and Extended Papers. USA: Springer. Malhotra, Y. (2005). Integrating knowledge management technologies in organizational business processes: getting real time enterprises to deliver real business performance. Journal of knowledge management, 9(1), 7-28. McInerney, C.R., Koenig, M.E.D. (2011). Knowledge Management (KM) Processes in Organizations: Theoretical Foundations and Practice. Australia: Morgan Claypool Publishers. Murray, E. J. (2008). Knowledge Management, Organizational Memory and Transfer Behavior: Global Approaches and Advancements: Global Approaches and Advancements. UK: IGI Global. Nazari, K., Emami, M. (2012). Knowledge Management: from theory to practice. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(11), 22-30. Rubanju, A. C. G. (2007). Knowledge management technologies and organizational business processes: integration for business delivery performance in Sub Saharan Africa. Strengthening the Role of ICT in Development, 198. Srikantaiah, T., Koenig, M.E.D. (2008). Knowledge Management in Practice: Connections and Context. US: Information Today, Inc. Uden, L., Oshee, D.F., Ting, I., Liberona, D. (2014). Knowledge Management in Organizations: 9th International Conference, KMO 2014, Santiago, Chile, September 2-5, 2014, Proceedings. USA: Springer. Uden, L., Wang, L.S.L., Rodrguez, J.M.C., Yang, H., Ting, I. (2013). The 8th International Conference on Knowledge Management in Organizations: Social and Big Data Computing for Knowledge Management. USA: Springer Science Business Media. Wal-Mart. (2016). About us. Retrieved from: https://www.walmart.com/ Woods, J.A., Cortada, J. (2013). The Knowledge Management Yearbook 2000-2001. NY: Routledge.

War and Peace Review Essay Example

War and Peace Review Paper Essay on War and Peace In order to be a genius, it is not necessary to throw vivid phrases and scare the reader zalomistymi plot twists. This is the phenomenon of Tolstoy. I would call this book purification Tolstoy. is nezarastayuschee leaves the impression she is in the shower As you read this book, as it were immersed in a brand new, brick by brick under construction in your imagination world Nabokov wrote in his article on Introduction to hero of our time - a feature of Tolstoys work is not in its individual parts, delving into that, you find nothing daunting and hitting the mind, but in its overall composition, which is the aggregate of all its elements is transformed into something extraordinary. This tutorial is for dushi.V process of reading experience a strange feeling, as if you have got some kind of mechanism, and it, driving its movement, turns everything inside you. If you read carefully, inspired (and the person with a normal level of intelligence in any way differently and not be able to read this breaking proizvdenie), it is impossible not to notice in myself some distortion, alteration, I would even say, clouding of consciousness. We will write a custom essay sample on War and Peace Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on War and Peace Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on War and Peace Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Having read the last page, having closed cover, you know that the body is here, but the soul hovers God knows knows where whether in the sky, or restlessly roams the field of Borodino, but feeling like after going to church- peace, or something then, after a while you begin to realize that something in you has changed. Everything that used to be important, troubled and haunted otliplo as frozen gum, all petty, vain weathered as many years of dust from an old couch and feel the steps on dtsat higher than before. Before cleansing sieve bessmetrnogo ageless sorcerer grandfather Tolstoy) As a psychotherapy definitely War and Peace Review Essay Example War and Peace Review Paper Essay on War and Peace Im surprised your unanimity, gentlemen readers. And pulls from your reviews and comments spirit of Party Congress. I reread War and Peace last summer and was amazed. Pervoe- no heroes among the hundreds of characters. A little pull Bolkonsky, but very much adrift and discomfort in which he is forced to exist, and its unwillingness to change anything just scary. In the end, you can not wait until he finally dies and stop this torture. Natasha light image formed at the school could not stand the sight of a sober adult me. Just an empty and foolish girl with limited interest. Separately, about people. Tolstoys fear before the mob palpable. And its been the only thing he got me interested and puzzled. the intelligentsia and the people a break such depth could not end tragically. The second is the heroism of the people in the war. Once again it is clear that people in Russia have always thrown to the mercy of fate, and especially in difficult times. Defending their settlements from the e nemy, krestne showed medieval practicality, not more. So they protect themselves from their own masters read carefully! As there is one brave gentleman rescued the girl from its own farmers? Particularly unpleasant conclusion of the novel, and the promise of some changes in her sons face Bolkonsky. For some reason it is frightening. Separate bright spot- sincere love for the King in the higher nobility environment. But this school is not to focus on. Tip: read and think, think, think! Yourself! Oh, it seems to PerAlek we agreed in the evaluation! Hello, hello! We will write a custom essay sample on War and Peace Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on War and Peace Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on War and Peace Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Neo-Impressionism and the Artists Behind the Movement

Neo-Impressionism and the Artists Behind the Movement Neo-Impressionism has the distinction of being both a movement and a style. Also known as Divisionism or Pointillism, Neo-Impression emerged in the late 1800s in France. It belongs to the subdivision of the larger avant-garde movement called Post-Impressionism. â€Å"Whereas the Impressionist painters spontaneously recorded nature in terms of the fugitive effects of color and light, the Neo-Impressionists applied scientific optical principles of light and color to create strictly formalized compositions,† according to Brittanica.com. What makes Neo-Impressionism stand out? Artists who employ the style apply separate colors to the canvas so that the eye of the viewer blends the colors together rather than the artists on their palettes. According to the theory of chromatic integration, these independent tiny touches of color can be mixed optically to achieve better color quality. A glow radiates from the minuscule dots, all the same size, that are packed together to create a specific hue on the Neo-Impressionist canvas. The painted surfaces are especially luminescent. When did  Neo-Impressionism Begin? The French artist Georges Seurat introduced Neo-Impressionism. His 1883 painting Bathers at Asnieres features the style. Seurat studied color theory publications produced by Charles Blanc, Michel Eugà ¨ne Chevreul and Ogden Rood. He also formulated a precise application of painted dots that would mix optically for maximum brilliance. He called this system Chromoluminarism. The Belgium art critic Fà ©lix Fà ©nà ©on described Seurats systematic application of paint in his review of the Eighth Impressionist Exhibition in La Vogue in June 1886. He expanded the contents of this article in his book Les Impressionistes en 1886, and from that little book his word nà ©o-impressionisme took off as a name for Seurat and his followers. How Long Was Neo-Impressionism a Movement? The Neo-Impressionist Movement spanned from 1884 to1935. That year marked the death of Paul Signac, a champion and spokesman of the movement, heavily influenced by Seurat. Seurat died in 1891 at the young age of 31 after likely developing meningitis and a number of other illnesses. Other proponents of Neo-Impressionism include the artists Camille Pissarro, Henry Edmond Cross, George Lemmen, Thà ©o van Rysselberghe, Jan Toorop, Maximilen Luce and Albert Dubois-Pillet. At the beginning of the movement, Neo-Impressionist followers founded the Socià ©tà © des Artistes Indà ©pendants. Although Neo-Impressionism’s popularity waned in the early 20th  century, it influenced the techniques of artists such as Vincent van Gogh and Henry Matisse. What Are the Key Characteristic of Neo-Impressionism? The key traits of Neo-Impressionism include tiny dots of local color and clean, clear contours around the forms. The style also features luminescent surfaces, a stylized deliberateness that emphasizes a decorative design and an artificial lifelessness in the figures and landscapes. Neo-Impressionists painted in the studio, instead of outdoors as the Impressionists had. The style focuses on contemporary life and landscapes and is carefully ordered rather than spontaneous in technique and intention Best Known Artists of the  Neo-Impressionism Movement Well known artists include: Georges SeuratPaul SignacCamille PissarroHenry Edmond CrossGeorge LemmenThà ©o van RysselbergheJan TooropMaximilen LuceAlbert Dubois-Pillet

Essay Topic 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Topic 1 - Essay Example Taxation has been an issue. Many states have their sources of income tax. However, the national government, in its quest to raise more revenue for the country’s agenda, has instituted numerous mechanisms that enable it to get a large share of the tax that states collect. It has enabled the national government to suppress the federal government as its needs increase day in day out. Controversial issues such as abortion and same-sex marriages have allowed the national government to influence states. It is not clear what laws, especially pertaining to such controversial issues should be followed. However, national laws have prevailed in the country concerning such controversial issues as individual states continue to deliberate on the way forward. The process of nationalization is justified, because in the current world, globalization has led to a seemingly smaller world. Hence, the country’s agenda should be one as opposed to that of each state, which will ensure that the nation prevails on its soil and in the global

Expatriate Adjustment of Spouses and Expatriate Managers Case Study - 42

Expatriate Adjustment of Spouses and Expatriate Managers - Case Study Example There were times when she used to cry and we tried to support her during that time and be close to her†¦it was difficult for all of us† (Andreason, 2008). The problem, in my opinion, despite the pressures of children getting by in a foreign country, zeroes down on the language barrier (Andreason, 2008). The problems could have been handled by taking beginner and proficiency courses in the individual languages before they left home. As Andreason (2008 p. 382) points out, another problem is the perceived lack or presence of organizational support. For some expatriates and repatriates, the countries they were situated in could make or break their stay, resources, and performance. One British male says, â€Å"the expat thing, they help you how to find a house†¦sort out the bits and the balls as it is daunting and very time consuming to do it in a different language†¦compensation, additional support one receives, housing agencies and a trip home every year† (Andreason, 2008). It is in itself an opportunity. But in its absence, the person suffers as shown in another expatriate who says â€Å"...Little support in making the transition. No formal program to...put you in an apartment, orient you in the city†¦that was irresponsible† (Andreason, 2008). How to solve this before the expatriates left home was to familiarize themselves with the terms and conditions of the job (Andreason, 2008). If all these services were not provided by the host countries and companies, they would have contracted companies providing such to avoid frustrations when they arrived. Andreason (2008) concurs that cultural bias could be another problem with expatriates. In Germany, for example, the model of the male being the bread-winner for the family is quite predominant. In this case, any female expatriate would expect perceptions about them with respect to organizational support or the work-family conflict to be biased in a German context before even moving to the country.  

Hydrocodone (Vicodin) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hydrocodone (Vicodin) - Essay Example This medicine should not be taken with the Alcohol or CNS depressant as it very dangerous from health point of view. Hydrocodone may be habit forming. Patients should stop using as soon as the prescribed period got over. The generally reported adverse reactions are faintness, wooziness, sedation, queasiness and vomiting. These effects seem to be more prominent in those who are working while in people who stays idle may experience severe reactions. Other adverse reaction might include different reactions on the central nervous system (mood swings, fear, lethargy etc), Gastrointestinal System (constipation), Respiratory System (respiratory depression), Special Senses (hearing can be damaged) and Dermatological (allergic reactions like rashes etc) As for the contraindications, this medicine should never be used by those patients who have a record of exhibition to hypersensitivity to hydrocodone or acetaminophen. As patients who are known to be hypersensitive to any opioids, may exhibit cross-sensitivity to hydrocodone. Reaction of Vicodin is related to how Hydrocodone and acetaminophen works in the body.

Approaches To Teaching Listening

Approaches To Teaching Listening Through the time there has been a shift in language perspective. Listening as a skill takes priority over details of language content. Along this shift different approaches were chosen to teach listening. In late 1960s and in the early 1970s comprehension approach was used. It was a teacher centered approach in which no attention was given to mistakes or what may cause these mistakes. Teachers focused upon the outcome of listening rather than upon listening itself, upon product rather than process. Learners kept experiencing the same difficulties in same listening exercises as they were not taught how to deal with them. Comprehension approach provided practice in listening but failed to practice it. To make listening more effective it is necessary to judge understanding not only by the number of learners who answered the questions correctly but also to follow up responses in order to understand where understanding broke down and to put things right. This happens if the listening less ons are seen as diagnostic activity. Diagnostic approach requires teachers to identify and redress learners weaknesses as listeners. According to Brown: Until we have some diagnostic procedures the teacher can only continue to test comprehension not to teach it. We need to move to a position where the teacher is able to recognize particular patterns of behavior manifested y an unsuccessful listener and to provide exercises for the students which will promote superior patterns of behavior. More listening does not necessarily mean better listening. Breaking listening into sub skills and planning series of short listening exercises can ensure better listening as it supports diagnostic approach, making it easy to identify the failure. More recently as listening takes the priority it should be seen as form of expertise. This requires intensive practice to become more automatic and exposure to real life experiences where taught practice have to be used appropriately and under the pressur e of time. Process in understanding spoken discourse There are two kinds of processes involved in understanding the spoken discourse. These are generally referred to as Top down and Bottom up approaches. Bottom up refers to using the incoming input as the basis for understanding the message. Top down method on the other hand, uses background knowledge in understanding the meaning of the message. There have been several arguments about the use of these two methods. According to Vandergrift bottom up help learners to develop word recognition skills, whereas top down method help learners to develop real life listening skills. But alone its not adequate for developing word recognition skills. Tyler (2001) suggested that Bottom up method can be used for long term language retention but top down method can be used for quick acquisition by learners such as travelers, as it provides insufficient basis for communication. As a result it can be seen as a matter of the aim of the listening. At the same time its been clearly stated that effective l istening occurs when Top down(meaning to language) and Bottom up (language to meaning) approaches occur together. Appropriate Tasks for effective listening The nature of comprehension is one of the main concerns to think before choosing the listening task Hundred percent correct and objective answers should not be expected form learners during the listening activity as what they understand recall or pay attention to are depend on the factors like their interest background and purpose in listening. ( Sheerin) Complete recall of all the information in an aural text is an unrealistic expectation to which even native speakers are not usually held. Listening exercises should be success-oriented and help students to build up confidence in their listening ability. The aim of the teachers should be making listening in second language (L2) as easy as listening in first language (L1). It is possible to make listening activities more effective by choosing appropriate tasks. Appropriate listening tasks must provide learners with necessary background knowledge and also cultural context when its needed, to make learners memory load less. Listening wi th more language knowledge make learners have more room in work memory to retain all information and make necessary revisions or inferences as they listen(Vandergrift). Listening task become more effective as listeners become more familiar with what they are listening. Tyler (2001) also supported this view by stating: Topic familiar-texts may inhibit the development of bottom up skills. Moreover listening tasks must have a purpose. As different listening tasks require different kinds of listening behaviors, learners need to know the purpose of the listening task to be able to choose the appropriate listening behavior. Shorter is easier to process principle rather than longer texts must be adapted as L2 listeners who can remember what they have heard perform more effectively (Brown). Effective listening materials consists of three parts; Pre listening, While Listening and Post listening and contain activities that link bottom up and top down listening (Field 98). Each part has specif ic aim therefore in an effective listening task; these three parts must be identical. Pre listening stage is used to activate knowledge, make predictions and reviewing key vocabulary. This stage must be used to simulate the appropriate background knowledge and to help learners to identify the purpose of the listening activity. While listening activities focuses on comprehension through exercises whereas Post listening generally involves response to comprehension. They all must be treated equally. All above these one of the main concerns about the listening task is authenticity; whether to provide L2 learners with the real life like listening materials or not. While some researchers support the use of authentic listening materials, others argue. Field suggested the use of authentic materials as they offer examples of hesitation, false start and pause, which characterizes the natural speech. Ur also emphasizes the importance of having listening instruction resemble real-life listening which makes the listener to built a sense of purpose and expectation for listening. These views match with the recent listening materials as its obvious that recent materials are trying to adapt more authentic tasks than before. In spite of these still there are some opponent views of the usage of authentic materials. Namely, Karen suggested that the authenticity might be a goal but not a starting point for learners. And Rosts view supported Karens as he stated that authentic materials are difficult both for learners and teachers and planning is necessary to be able to use them. Teachers must ensure that learners adopt their inference strategies they use in L1 to L2 listening. Using authentic materials are popular and believe to be effective however there is no proof that they are inherently superior to pedagogic recordings. The important thing is to use the one which is effective for learners to get better. Along authenticity discussions, simplicity is yet another concern for rese archers and teachers. Learners, when they are children, initially receive simplified input in learning their first language. There are some advantages of simplified language for L2 learners such as providing greater ease of comprehension for L2 learners and greater initial self competence in protected classroom environment. However it can cause learners to create unrealistic expectations that all L2 should be simple and easy to understand and it may cause to lose self esteem outside the classroom environment when learners cannot understand unsimplified speech. Hence activities must use authentic language without significantly slower or simpler speech than would normally be used in real life. Consequently it can be said that meaningful, interesting listening tasks using ordinary ,unsimplified, second language speech are effective. Importance of support in teaching environment. Importance of support in teaching L2 listening cannot be underestimated. Along appropriate tasks teachers still need to provide support during listening (Sheerin). This support can be in the form of a visual, transcript and/or positive feedback. In real life generally listeners have the opportunity to see the speaker. This supplies cultural information and so enable learners to predict more accurately. Visual aids such as maps, diagrams, pictures, or the images in a video help contextualize the listening input and provide clues to meaning. Moreover visuals reinforce the aural message and focus learners attention on the most important information. They are useful way of setting context which makes the activity more meaningful (Turner). Despite of the arguments about the necessity of them, transcripts are still thought to be other important support for learners. As use of the written record of the tasks are discussed, Sheerin supported the idea of transcript use by saying full and accu rately written transcript is important source of support for learners. It makes learners aware of the fact that they dont have to focus on every single word they hear. When examined Sherrins words carefully it can be clearly seen that use of transcripts not only help learners to improve themselves but also affect learners psychologically. Learners improve their listening if they have opportunity to see the whole text they heard. This enables them to see the use of the words. Moreover they feel that they dont need to afraid of missing some of the words as they listen. Transcript use is a beneficial learning activity which must be provided as a supplementary activity at the end of the listening, after students made some effort. Furthermore easiest and widely use form of support is positive feedback. Positive feedback is very important in listening as it is a demonstrative skill and repeated failure can cause panic and psychological barrier to effective listening. Therefore it must be ensured that positive feedback is provided during the learning process as a mean of support. Strategies and Strategy training Strategies and strategy training are most demanding and discussed issues about teaching effective listening. First of all the definition of the strategy and the distinction between the strategy and sub skill must be understood. Sub skills are competencies which native listeners posses and which non-native listeners need to acquire. Strategies, by contrast, are strictly compensatory. They are already available in L1. The goal in effective listening is to ensure that they are transferred into L2. Moreover strategies defined by Rost as; Some aspects of listening are under conscious control of listener while others are automatic and not under direct control. The conscious aspects of any goal oriented behavior are viewed in psychology as strategies. (Rost) Listening strategies can be thought of the way learners approach and manage the task. The effect of different types of listening strategy was investigated by Rubin (1988) with high school learners of Spanish. The performance of three ex perimental groups was compared with that of two control groups in the comprehension of video. Although not all the hypotheses were confirmed, results demonstrated that the use of some listening strategies can help students work with more difficult material (Vandergrift).Buck suggested two types of listening strategies; cognitive and metacognitive. Cognitive strategies are mental activities related to comprehending and storing input in working memory or long-term memory for later retrieval and metacognitive strategies are those conscious or unconscious mental activities that perform an executive function in the management of cognitive strategies. A lot of different researches have been done to find successful strategies. (Buck). As a result of these researches five commonly used successful strategies are defined as; Prediction, Making inferences, Attempting to clarify areas of confusion, Monitoring ones own listening process and Responding to what one has understood( Vandergrift 96,9 8,99). Despite of the fact that there are different strategies available for L2 learners, they often do not approach the listening tasks in the most effective way despite what they may do in their L1 ( Mendelsohn). Therefore it is necessary to help learners to find the correct strategy. With this view, some researchers suggested strategy training. According to Mendelsohn strategies can and must be taught as training students about how to listen leads to improvement in their listening ability. Training effective listening requires identifying ones goals in listening situation and act appropriate skills and strategies for ones listening goals. ( Rost) As learner centered models of L2 instructions became the focus of attention, teachers became the trainers of listening strategies rather than simple providers of comprehensible input.. Learners are made aware of the possible strategies through the use of strategy training and this leads to teaching and learning effective listening.

JD EDwards :: essays research papers

COMPANY OVREVIEW: JD. Edwards provide innovative, full range business solutions for multinational organizations for almost a quarter of a century. Its innovative approach allowed it to act as a true business partner with companies of all sizes, leveraging their existing investments and taking advantage of new technologies thereby increasing their competitive advantage. 80 international offices are maintained to support an ever-expanding customer base of more than 6200 installations distributed among 113 countries. J.D. Edwards also helped to shape the next phase of e-business in the Internet economy: collaborative commerce (C-Commerce). C-Commerce is the ability to deliver open, collaborative technologies that facilitate communication among organizations, suppliers and customers across a supply chain, maximizing value in business-to-business environments. J.D. Edwards has over 80 product alliance partners, leading to a myriad of platform variations in implementing their business solutions. Providing a means for its international sales force to demonstrate their range of applications in ways that emulate the diverse environments of its customers was a formidable and costly challenge. As with most dynamic international organizations, J.D. Edwards has a continually expanding internal requirement for collaborative and business process applications. A number of pending application initiatives meant that the wide area network infrastructure would require expansion. Reducing the network overhead of bandwidth hungry client/server applications could allay costly link upgrades. J.D. Edwards operates a tiered IT administration architecture. The primary IT expertise and 7x24 support services are concentrated at the corporate headquarters in Denver. Administrators are stationed at larger hub sites and also support smaller satellite offices. These regional administrators incur significant travel expense when server console access is required at the satellite locations. Solutions J.D. Edwards implemented Windows 2000 Terminal Services to provide single instance delivery of its business applications integrated within a wide variety of client environments. Their centralized Windows 2000 terminal servers now provide product demonstration capabilities for an international sales force of 300, highlighting an array of product integration capabilities. Centralizing these complex client scenarios significantly reduced the ongoing support and management of the sales systems. Prior to setting up Windows 2000 terminal servers, demos were being run by individual sales people on their own laptops, they would demo multiple versions of the software by having multiple hard drives. That was a lot of administration overhead. Deployment of the constant stream of application updates was also greatly simplified. When there are new versions of client software they’re very easy to deploy. J.D. Edwards also deployed Terminal Services as a delivery platform for a bandwidth hungry client/server application.